Essay --

Regardless of what number of situps you do, on the off chance that you have overabundance stomach fat, you'll never get results, in light of the fact that the fat will conceal your muscle definition. This doesn't mean you ought to wipe out situps from your exercise, in light of the fact that as a major aspect of your center, they can advance back wellbeing, and improve your stance, athletic execution, and parity and soundness. (See References 1) You should, notwithstanding, fuse fat-consuming activities into your exercise to get obvious outcomes. The Spot Reduction Fallacy To lose muscle to fat ratio, you should consume a larger number of calories than your body utilizes each day. It takes a shortage of 500 calories per day to lose 1 pound of fat in seven days from all over your body including your midsection. Situps alone don't consume enough calories to have a large enough effect and they won't mysteriously spot lessen fat from your gut. To exacerbate the situation, on the off chance that you just do situps, wanting to battle paunch fat, you're assembling the muscles under the fat. As they get more grounded and greater, they can drive your paunch out much further. (See References 2) Doing Situps to Shape Up Situps work your rectus abdominis at the fr...

Race vs. Ethnicity Essay

If we somehow happened to go out on the avenues today and ask â€Å"what is the contrast among race and ethnicity?†, a great many people would most likely answer â€Å"I don’t know† or â€Å" They are the equivalent thing†. One of the most befuddled ideas of characterizing each other is the recognizing of race and ethnicity. Previously, individuals either thought one was the other or there was just no distinction. Marking individuals on the planet is frequently managed without legitimate information and can prompt creation an unfounded allegation or culpable somebody. Race is related with one’s natural precursors, for example, your physical appearance. While ethnicity is the personality with individuals who share comparative social convention. Ethnicity and race are diverse from multiple points of view yet are still frequently befuddled by numerous individuals today. First off ethnicity manages one’s social foundation while race manages a progressively hereditary foundation. Geographers study where and why of ethnicity and its areas. Geographers additionally study where and why individuals of various races live where they are. Another distinction between the two is that ethnicity isn’t as simple to tell by simply taking a gander at somebody. In any case, on the off chance that you saw somebody to decide their race you could simply tell by their skin shading. Let's assume you put a Caucasian male from Canada, Germany, America, and Ireland together in a line; it would be extremely hard to recognize which one from which. In any case, you can without much of a stretch confirm that all the guys are Caucasian. Ethnic gatherings ordinarily look to characterize themselves by their language, customs, and religion; while race is generally characterized by skin shading. Characterizing individuals through race generally prompts preference and bigotry, the conviction of one’s race is of predominance than all the others. It is favored by the vast majority to be distinguished through their ethnicity, since it speaks to their way of life and doesn’t can possibly be hostile. Taking everything into account, race and ethnicity are particularly unique yet are confounded among a great many people of the world. Race is dictated by skin shading and physical characteristics went down from predecessors. Ethnicity is relating to your social foundation including language, religion, and conventions. It is smarter to recognize individuals through their ethnicities rather than their race to keep away from offense. The vast majority don't have a clue about the distinction between the two or think they are the equivalent. Ethnicity and race interface in a manner with one another, however they are and will consistently be particular to each other.

Marketing Planning

Marketing Planning Marketing Planning. TESCO COMPANY SWOT ANALYSIS. Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing Planning. TESCO COMPANY SWOT ANALYSIS. Marketing PostsTesco is a U.K based public company and is the third largest grocery retailer in the world. This is according to a report by potter and mark (2011). The report indicates that the company was founded way back in 1919in east London but its first outlet was not opened until 1929. The founder of Tesco Company happens to be Cohen, who purchased a shipment of tea from T.E stock well. Thus the company name “Tesco”, was formed from the two initials combined with the first two letters of the founders surname.The headquarters of the company are based in Cheshunt, U.K and the key people in the company are David Reid, who acts as the company’s chairman and Philip clerk, who is the chief executive officer of the company. In addition, according to the company’s website (Tesco.com), the company had around 472,000 employees as at 2010 which represents a 3 0% market share in the grocery retail business in the United Kingdom. In addition, it is the second largest in terms of profits, both gross and net profit after wal-mart. Its revenues in the financial year 2010/2011 stood at 60.93 billion pounds and the net income at 2.67billion pounds.Apart from the United Kingdom, the company also has got stores in fourteen countries across Asia, Europe and North America. Though Tesco Company was originally U.K focused retailer, it has with time diversified its operations geographically and into areas such as retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, petrol and software. In summary, the company now can be said to offer financial, telecom and internet services apart from food retailing.The success that has been witnessed by the company is not only as a result of its large market share and popularity in the in the grocery retailing, but also as a result of its corporate strategy. As stated by Citigroup retail analyst David McCarthy, Tesc o has devised a strategy to appeal to all segments of the market. The corporate strategies that the company has employed to achieve this is the use of its own brand products, for instance low-priced products such as food, beverages, clothing, mobile and financial services. Though the products are low-priced, the company has been careful to maintain the quality of its products, thus increasing its customer loyalty hence retention.The other corporate strategy that the company employs is the innovative use of technology which it uses as an expansion strategy. Through this strategy, the company has been able to widen its market share through online purchasing and supplies both locally and internationally. The company is also involved in intensive product promotion and advertizing so as to gain competitive advantage over its competitor. This way, it has been able to create awareness to people of their new and existing products thus promoting their sale. These corporate strategies are one of the contributors that have enabled the company to increase its revenue and net income.In addition, according to the “PDF of the 2006 Giving List” the company is also very much involved in the corporate social responsibility. As the file indicates, the company has made a commitment to social responsibility in a number of ways.   One of its major contributions to corporate social responsibility is its contribution to charities, local communities and organizations. For instance, a report in the file indicates that in 2006, it made contributions amounting to 1.87% of its pre-tax profit to charities, local communities and organizations. In addition, it is said to have led the debate on corporate social responsibility thus encouraging other businesses to make contributions to the society. The other area it has manifested its corporate social responsibility is in the establishment of “Computers for schools scheme” in 1992 for schools and hospitals thus promoting technological k nowledge. Finally, the company sponsors “The Tesco cup”, a football competition for young players throughout the United Kingdom. This was as from 2005/2006 football season.A marketing oriented company is one that organizes its activities, products and services around the wants and needs of its customers (Times 100, 1995). Essentially, the company this kind of a company is characterized by an intensified market research so as to acquire relevant and detailed information about tastes and preference of the customers and their lifestyle so as to come up with products and services that best suits them. Moreover, a market oriented organization has got its products and services ranges carefully designed to fit customer preferences. They are organized in a manner that they will appeal to the customer. In addition, it views the needs of customers and consumers as being important as it develops the markets products to meet those demands.Therefore, a marketing oriented organization can be identified by its functions and the activities it conducts in relation to those functions. For instance as indicted in Times 100, in identifying customer needs and wants a company that is market oriented will engage in marketing research to gather enough information about the customer. It will also develop products to meet the consumer needs and wants through research and development production. In deciding the value of the products to customer, the sales and monitoring department will engage in pricing that is affordable by the consumers. In order to make the product available to consumers at the right time and place, it will adopt reliable and efficient channels of distribution. And finally in order to inform the customers of the existence of the product and persuade them to buy it, the organization will engage in intensive advertising and promotion. All these functions and activities characterize an organization that is marketing oriented.On the contrary, a product oriented organ ization has its primary focus on the skills, knowledge and systems that support that product. Thus, the major focus of a product oriented company is on the quality, safety and investment in technology. It also focuses on product differentiation by making the features of the products distinct from those of the other organizations in the same industry.A strategy led organization on the other hand, engages in long term planning of actions designed to achieve a particular goal and objective.   These strategies are meant to strengthen the performance an enterprise for instance in terms of its profitability. An organization of this kind develops strategies that state how business should be conducted to achieve the desired goals and objectives. It also engages itself in the review of the strategies developed through SWOT analysis.From the above explanations, Tesco Company can be said to be a market led company because its primary focus is on its customer needs and wants and also it is care ful to expand its market share through its corporate strategies such as advertizing, product and services promotion, price reduction with retained or improved quality. The geographical expansion of its outlets to other Asian and European countries is an indication that the company is aiming at widening its market share thus being marketing oriented.TESCO COMPANY SWOT ANALYSISAccording to the ivory research.com (2005), the SWOT analysis is among the oldest and most comprehensive method of analyzing the environmental dynamics of an organization. It deals with both the internal and external environment of an organization, with strengths and weaknesses being in the internal environment of the organization and opportunities and threats in the external environment of an organization.In relation to Tesco Company, its strengths are manifested in various dimensions. As indicated in the Daily Mail (2010), Tesco is ranked third largest grocery Retail Company in the world operating over 4,333 s tores primarily within USA, Asia and Europe. In addition, the report indicates that the company has shown a strong financial performance over the years. This is as evidenced by its 54 billion pounds turnover company recording. The company also focuses on product affordability to its customer s without compromising on the quality thus maintaining good public image and enhancing customer loyalty. Moreover, it has proven customer retention strategy with the help of its loyalty scheme known as ‘Tesco club card’ through the information from the loyalty scheme which is then used for effective direct marketing.When it comes to weaknesses, the company has not been able to perform well over the last few years compared to its competitors. For instance, a number of products were recalled by Tesco in 2009. This as resulted to a financial loss as well as damage to its brand name (Mintel, 2009). The other area of weakness that the company has portrayed is lack of geographical diversification. This is because most of the key operations of the company are concentrated in the U.K thus losing to their competitors.However, despite the weaknesses that the company has, the market still presents an opportunity for the company to excel in business.   For instance, as noted by Mintel, commercial network portfolio of the Tesco Company is on the rise. The study indicates that the company has opened over 620 stores as from 2009 of which 435 were international. This geographical diversification provides the company an opportunity to improvising its economy of scale. Moreover, given the rapidly growing popularity of the Tesco Company, there is an opportunity for the company to attract new customers and reduce the overall cost resulting to more profits. Also the company’s focus on global expansion by its entry to Indian market will strengthen its global market position. Finally, an increase in spending on food retail market is another opportunity presented to the company, despite dec reased purchasing power on the part of the consumer as having enough food to eat is a priority.Equally important are the threats that the company is exposed to. Abeysinghe T. (2010) points out that the commencement of global financial crisis in the U.K’s economy can have a detrimental impact on Tesco’s financial standing. This is due to the company’s concentration of its operations in the U.K. The other threat is the decrease in income and the rise in unemployment. This situation has resulted to lack of purchasing power by the consumers thus affecting their buying behavior. This has adversely impacted the company sales especially of the non-food products. Finally, though the Tesco Company has been leading in the sector of grocery retailing for over 15 years, as study indicates, it is faced with intense competition from its competitors who are gaining in the market share. This stiff competition in the U.K grocery market acts as a threat to Tesco Company.PESTLE ANALYSThis is a m ethod used to scan the external environment of a business. It includes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and the environmental factors that affect an organization (McDonald, 2002). In reference to Tesco Company, various issues have come up in relation to PESTLE analysis.In relation to political environment, the company has been able to achieve greatly. For instance, according to a report by Strait Times (2010), china’s accession to the WTO has promised a free flow of foreign trades by removing all barriers encouraging Western companies, including Tesco. In addition, as the report indicates, the agreement signed by the company in 2009 to set up a premeditated series of joint ventures for the development of shopping malls in china is another great milestone. The promotion of free trading blocs by governments has provided Tesco with a platform to expand its retail network across Eastern European countries.The economic factors are a matter of concern for Tesco Comp any. This is because they impact directly on the buying behavior of customers. Though the U.K economy was officially declared under recession in 2008, the government’s intervention through substantial reduction in interest rates helped reduce unemployment thus increasing the spending power of customers. In relation to social environment, Tesco company has accommodated change in the lifestyle of people for instance, their demand for organic foods thus retaining their customers. On technology, the company is involved in online grocery retailing and also mobile technology is being embraced as a channel for distribution where customers can buy directly from their mobile phones.BARRIERS TO PLANNINGAccording to McDonald (2002), successful planning can be hindered by a number of factors which include; objective confusion, isolation of marketing function, organizational barriers, change in management and ethical issues. When an organization’s management team is not clear when coming up with the objectives of the organization, then it may fail to take the appropriate actions to wards the achievement of the set objectives. This is because some objectives may not be well understood thus causing confusion and disagreement when it comes to executing them.Isolation of marketing function may act as a barrier to planning in that it promotes lack of commitment to the planning process either as a result of fear of failure or lack of time to work through the required planning process. Organizational barriers and culture may also hinder effective planning. For instance, the culture of relying too much on the planning department by the management to implement the plans may act as a barrier. This is because the planning department is only supposed to conduct research, build models and project probable results. Their results are only aids to planning and formulation of the plans should be the manager’s responsibility. Change in management may act as a barrier to planning as th e new management, may not be willing to continue with the policies that were adopted by the previous management in planning. This may also lead to delay in planning or ineffectiveness to planning. The ethical issue that may affect planning is reliance on inferior information to plan. Facts that are out of date, insufficient or of poor quality may hinder the process of planning. However, barriers to planning may be overcome by use of effective communication, acquiring quality and reliable information and soliciting the involvement of others in the planning process (Dibbs, Bright Cheney, 2001).MARKETING PLANA marketing plan is a detailed written document that describes the strategies and steps needed to achieve a specific company’s marketing objectives (McDonald, 2002). In every business, a marketing plan is of great importance due to a number of reasons. To begin with, marketing plan is used as an evaluation tool by the management. As an evaluation tool, it checks whether the stra tegies that have been put into record are being implemented thus taking corrective measures. In addition, it is used as a tool to determine or measure the performance of a certain product or service thus providing insight of what a given product or service requires in order to compete fairly in the market. Moreover, as Born Bright indicates (1997), a marketing plan acts as a guide for the management to revise its marketing strategies.In marketing, after the product has come to the end of its cycle, a company may want to engage in the development of a new product and release it in the market. However, this new product development process involves various strategies before it becomes fully established in the market. After a company has developed a new product through intensive research of the customer needs and wants and government rules and regulation, the company has to do pilot testing of the product. This involves releasing a small quantity to the market and then evaluating how th e intended segment is responding to the product. After the pilot testing, company will work on the feedback so that it can determine where it can improve on the products to suit the market segment.The 7ps represent a marketing mix which is the combination of marketing activities that an organization engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. These include product, price, place, promotion, physical layout, provision of customer service and processes (Bornstein, D. 2004). In production part of the activities, an organization should ensure that the products fully suits the segment for which it is intended and that it is safe for consumption. It can also adopt differentiation strategies to make the product unique from that of the competitors and also appealing to customers. In the pricing activity, it is important for a company to offer prices that are affordable to their customers without compromising on the quality of the product. This way, the company will be abl e to retain customer loyalty. The place refers to the location where a company is situated. Sometimes customers may deal with the company directly by going to the actual place of production and therefore it is important for a company to create a good working environment. The levels of hygiene should be high to create a good impression to the customers.The physical layout of a company is also of importance and therefore a high level of presentation is expected. When it comes to the provision of customer service, customers are likely to be loyal to organizations that serve them well. Therefore a company should be above reproach when it comes to customer service. Finally, the processes such as those for handling customer complaints, indentifying customer needs and requirements and for handling orders should be streamlined to avoid customer dissatisfaction.In marketing, customer segmentation is inform of demographic segmentation, that is, in terms of age, gender and sex, social segmenta tion which encompasses the social class, lifestyle, income and education, geographical segmentation   in terms of region, country, city or even climate, psychological and behavioral segmentation such as customer’s loyalty, product preference , interests, personality and price perception (Dashboard, 2009).MARKETING ETHICSAccording to the American Marketing Association statement of ethics (2004), marketing ethics is an area of applied ethics which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. There are different ethical issues that can influence marketing planning. These include issues like development of competitive stance, different perceptions of ethics across nations, ethical trade-off and management cultures. In addition, ethics of marketing mix such as the management of the individual elements of the marketing mix is another factor that can influence marketing planning. Consumer ethics is another ethical issue that can influence marketing pl anning.   An organization has to plan in a way that it avoids unethical issues such as warranty deception, misredemption of vouchers, returns of merchandise, false insurance claims, recording of music and videos and software copying.According to Cheney (in progress), organizations respond to ethical issues by first and foremost familiarizing themselves and the staff to these issues. Then they develop policies that are in line with business ethics for instance by avoiding misrepresentation, upholding fair competition and also engaging in advertizing and product promotion without defaming their competitors. As stated above, some of the examples of consumer ethics, according to Conrad (1993a), include issues like music and video recordings, false insurance claims, misredemption of vouchers and returns of merchandise. According to Conrad (2003b), these consumer ethical issues have great impact in marketing planning as the organizations have to set their objectives in a manner that they will be aimed at correcting these issues incase they occur. They have also to develop strategies to deal with these issues which may turn out to be expensive and time consuming.In conclusion, marketing is an important segment in any organization as it is through marketing and marketing planning that an organization gets to achieve its main objective, which is profit maximization.   However, for this planning to be a success, there is need to embrace teamwork and also engage in intensive research of the trends in the market.

Just How Diverse Is Hollywood

Essay on Nursing Professional Organization - 802 Words

A Nursing Professional Organization The National Association of Hispanic Nursing Name College Abstract This research paper is on The Nurse Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHN). I will explain the primary mission of this organization and it’s contributing factor and benefits to nursing. The impact of the organization on the community, the political stand point and supportive issues it has on nursing, the resources it provides on the web and to health professionals and the public, the choices for scholarship and continuing education, if any local chapters are located in the community and participation is allowed, my consideration of joining this organization, and advantages and disadvantages of participating in this nursing†¦show more content†¦The benefits of being a member of the NAHN are that you are able to be heard by voicing you concerns with issues that are troubling the health care of Hispanics. Membership also allows you to be active participant in projects and in the election or position on the board. These benefits also allow you to do continuing education an d opportunities at national conference, reduced rates at educational facilities, national conferences and subscription fees, professional and social networking, and leadership development, scholarship opportunities, awards for community services and education excellence, research, and support of national health care initiatives. The NAHN is a politically active organization that advocates the needs of the Hispanic community and the Hispanic nurses, recommend solutions, they publicize and advocate research findings and policy changes, increase awareness needs of Hispanics, and represent the Hispanic nurses in voice and action. The NAHN promotes the enlistment and retaining of Hispanic students in nursing education programs, to increase the bilingual services to the communities, advancement in the Hispanic nurse profession, and management is also supported. The web resources and social media that is accessible and free to the professional and public. NAHN has a free newsletter that is posted called NAHN at a glance, which contains all the latest news, project, political issues on health and legislativeShow MoreRelatedProfessional Nursing Organization s Advocacy1397 Words   |  6 Pages Professional Nursing Organization’s Advocacy: Advanced Practice Registered Nurses Association Neila Long Lincoln Memorial University Caylor School of Nursing Professional Nursing Organization’s Advocacy: Advanced Practice Registered Nurses Association Professional Organizations have been developed for a variety of occupations. 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Here is how membership in one can assist you with job hunting and your long-term career development: 1. Networking The number one benefit of a membership in an association is networking. Participation in a national, state, regional or local chapter will open you up to additional contacts. Since members of the association are in your field of interest, they may be able to give youRead MoreProfessional Performance Standards Of Professional Nursing Practice895 Words   |  4 PagesThe Standards of Professional Nursing Practice Professional Performance Standard Leadership in Nursing Practice The American Nurses Association (ANA) established The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice (2010). The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice consist of Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance. The standards serve as guidelines to define the profession of nursing and define the scope of practice for professional nurses. All standards presented in TheRead MoreThe Standards Of Professional Nursing Practice860 Words   |  4 PagesAssociation (ANA) established The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice (2010). The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice consists of Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance. The standards serve as guidelines to define the profession of nursing and define the scope of practice for professional nurses. All standards presented in the The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice (2010) are essential for the nursing professional to function, legally, ethically and professionallyRead MoreHow Nur sing Is Perceived Inside And Outside Of The Health Care System997 Words   |  4 PagesThe profession of nursing embodies values that are intrinsic in those who seek nursing as a career. The core values of honesty, dignity, integrity, and autonomy enable nurses to provide unparalleled healthcare in the most professional manner (Price Hall, 2013). 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These government regulatory agencies are shaped by the assistance of associations with functional differences like the Board of Nursing (BRN) and ProfessionalRead MoreInfluential Nursing Organizations : Their Roles And Responsibilities1177 Words   |  5 PagesInfluential Nursing Organizations: Their roles and responsibilities and how each benefits professional registered nurses and nursing students Vickie Shipley Daytona State College â€Æ' Influential Nursing Organizations: Their roles and responsibilities and how each benefits professional registered nurses and nursing students Professional registered nurses and student nurses have access to many influential organizations that offer support, information, leadership, and education. These organizations have aRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pageshandle the chaos and unpredictability that the health care system is in today and will be in the future. Huston (2008) shared that nurse leaders must begin to prepare to be effective leaders by: developing a global mindset about health care and professional nursing issues; increase their technology skills; perfect their decision-making ability; create an organizational culture that gives quality health care and patient and staff safety; develop an understanding and appropriate interventions in political

Summarise The Main Development Of A Child Free Essays

Although the development of each child is unique to the individual, there are certain ‘milestones’ that need to be achieved before a child moves on to the next stage of its development. These milestones, or averages, are used to assess the development of an individual child, all the time recognizing that different children will reach these milestones at different times. There are five defined areas of development that can be observed during childhood and these are physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. We will write a custom essay sample on Summarise The Main Development Of A Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will look at these areas in turn, noting the average milestones that can be expected during the early years. Physical In the first two years of life we see probably the most accelerated physical development in a child’s life. They move from being unable to hold their own head up to being able to walk and run with confidence. When a baby is born it will be very limited in its physical abilities, spending most of its time lying on its back. However by the end of 3 months a baby will begin to lift its own head, kick vigorously and follow the movement of its own hands. By 6 months it will be able to grasp objects, often trying to put them in its mouth. By one year most children will be moving either by rolling, shuffling or crawling (some will even be able to walk unaided by this time). In the second year there will be the further development of mobility skills such as jumping, walking up and down stairs and being able to throw and kick a ball, though they may still lack confidence in catching a ball. Between the ages of 3-5 a child’s physical development will have come on in leaps and bounds – literally! They will be able to run, jump, ride a tricycle, throw and catch a ball, balance, hop and move to music. Their  fine motor skills have developed to the point that their drawings will now resemble the subject. By the age of 8 they will have developed both physically and in confidence so that they will be able to jump from a height, ride a bicycle without the aid of stabilisers and will have grown in agility and coordination. Intellectual In the early months of a new-borns life they will begin to focus on faces and, in time, reach and grasp for objects that are close by. By the time they are 9 months old they will enjoy simple games (such as peek-a-boo) and be amused by more complicated objects. By the end of their first year a child will have begun to imitate those around it and will also be aware of how people react to their moods. Pretend play becomes part of the child’s life by the age of two and will continue in complexity over the coming few years. By three their fine motor skills will have developed to the point where they can hold and control a pencil. Over the next two years their memory and concept of time will develop further and they will begin to recognize letters and numbers, being able to read simple words and count with confidence. For the most part, their inquisitiveness will know no bounds resulting in numerous questions. From age 6-8 they will gain confidence in their numeracy, literacy and motor skills. Language Communication for a 0-3 month old baby is limited to crying, gurgling and cooing. However over the following few months a baby will learn how to laugh and will begin to imitate sounds they hear. By the age of one they will have begun to understand and respond to simple instructions, and may be using simple words themselves. By the age of 2 a child may be using a limited number of words in speech, however they will understand a great many  more. Between the ages of 3 and 5 a child may experience some frustration in speech as they find it difficult to communicate exactly what they are meaning but they will continue to develop verbally and will become more inquisitive, asking questions and often understanding far more than they speak themselves. By the age of 8 a child will be able to converse at a much more mature level and will have a wide vocabulary to draw upon. Emotional The first signs of emotional development are seen when a baby begins smiling at around 5-6 weeks old. They will often respond to the attention given to them by others with a smile and will enjoy the interaction of another’s voice. However in the second half of the first year a baby will begin to show a distinction between those people they know and those they don’t, often becoming distressed if the main caregiver is not within sight. By the time they are 3 they have become much more aware of their own feelings and why they feel a certain way. And by the age of 5 they are able to hide or control their own feelings and are beginning to understand others’ feelings. Between the ages of 6 and 8 years old a child may become more competitive and assertive. This can lead to more demanding behaviour. Social From birth a baby will learn to adapt and respond to the people around them. They will show pleasure at interactions with others but will probably show a preference for their main caregiver\s. By the age of two they will enjoy playing with other children but, as with any other skill, they will need to learn how to socialise, for example, learning to share. Over the next few years a child will grow in confidence and will engage much more in social settings – making friends, taking turns and learning to negotiate. They will become much more aware of ‘self’ – their gender and culture – and will be developing a sense of right and wrong. Between the ages of 6 and 8 some children will become very sociable, forming many friendships, sometimes with one particular ‘best friend’, whilst others will step back from social situations, preferring to spend more time alone. Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors, which may influence development The key social factor for any child that can affect its development, both positively and negatively, is that of relationships. A child in a loving and healthy relationship with a parent or primary caregiver will be more able to form healthy relationships with others; they will be in an environment where they can develop better social skills and be more self-confident. The National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (US) states that, â€Å"We have long known that interactions with parents, caregivers, and other adults are important in a child’s life, but new evidence shows that these relationships actually shape brain circuits and lay the foundation for later developmental outcomes, from academic performance to mental health and interpersonal skills.† (Centre on the Developing Child, Harvard University: 1) There are a number of ways in which parents or significant caregivers can help to steer the course of a child’s development. These include the way a child is nurtured, stimulated and modeled certain behaviours. For example having developed verbal skills will affect a child’s social development. A child whose parents talk to them frequently will likely be better equipped to engage verbally with other children. Babies listen to their parents’ conversations even before they can understand language and learn the basics of conversation before they begin speaking. Talking to a child frequently can encourage strong verbal skills, which, in turn, will encourage good social skills. Economic factors can also have a substantial bearing on a child’s development. Factors such as persistent poverty, inadequate house and poor nutrition can all have a detrimental affect on a child’s development. A study by Lisa Harker for Shelter in 2006 found that: ’Achild’shealthygrowthanddevelopmentaredependenton many factors, includingtheimmediateenvironmentin which they live. Research has demonstrated thatchildren’slife chances (the factors thataffecttheircurrent and future well-being) areaffectedbythe standard of their housing.’ (Harker, 2006 : 2) The study goes on to outline the effects that poor housing can have on a child’s health, both mental and physical, education and life chances. Poor nutrition is another threat to a child’s continued development. Poor diet during early development (0-3yrs) can lead to learning and memory deficits, lower IQ and school achievement, and behavioural problems in childhood (Mcgregor, (1995), Lui et al, 2005 : 3). Children also require a varied environment in which to interact and explore. Actively engaging all of their senses stimulates brain cells and encourages growth. Therefore stimulation with appropriate toys and equipment in early childhood can have a significant impact on the child’s development. Describe children’s overall development needs. To progress in such a way that a child will reach the majority of their developmental milestones within a given timeframe a child needs, first and foremost, a positive loving relationship with a significant adult(s). This adult will provide for the basic physiological needs of the child (appropriate healthy nutrition, human touch and shelter), the safety needs of the child (keeping him/her safe from dangers in the immediate environment, safe from abusive relationships and making sure the child has access to appropriate health care) and the social needs of the child (unconditional love, room to explore and play and interact with other children and adults and giving them a sense of a place to belong). These foundational building blocks, which the significant adult puts in place in a child’s life, pave the way for a child to be able to develop further in all five of the defined areas of development. How to cite Summarise The Main Development Of A Child, Papers

International Consortium for Health Outcomes-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement. Answer: Introduction: ICHOM (The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement) is a non-profit organization which is founded by the three leaders in 2012 Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School, Martin Ingvar of the Karolinska Institute and the Boston Consulting Group, with the theoretical background of providing the value based health care system (ICHOM, 2018). The mission of the organisation is to unlock the potential of value-based health care by defining global Standard Sets of outcome measures that really matter to patients for the most relevant medical conditions and by driving adoption and reporting of these measures worldwide (Dahlberg, 2016). Utilization management The organisation through a certain set of standards is transforming the health care system around the globe with a reduction in the usage of the unnecessary medical resources by measuring and reporting the outcomes of the patients in a standardised way. Utilization management results ICHOM through certain techniques reduces managing cost of the health care without reducing the standards of the care (Klein, 2015). ICHOM through utilization management is to measure the patient outcomes that majorly matters to the patients(Klein, 2015). In terms of the utilization management, the organisation is to arrange groundwork for the significant value based system of the health care organisation. The long term goals of the organisation through utilization management are to deliver the best health care services (Spielthenner, 2015). The main concern of the organisation is to maintain the balance between the quality health care benefits and the medical necessities for getting the value based health care system. Value= Health outcome /Assigned resources Aligning patient, financier and profession interests (Dahlberg, 2016) As a result of the increasing cost of the health care, there are certain changes in the reimbursement strategies which in turn are affecting the services related to the health care. The standardised approach of the organisation helps it to compare the outcomes across the different cultures. This helps the organisation to be focused on the patient's value care and not only to lower the costs. ICHOM through the services is to create such an environment where the patients can ask the health care professionals about the significant outcomes and the professionals can also reply with the answers that are data driven (Kelley, 2015). The focus is to improve the patient and health care professionals relationship with the new definition of the success that transforms the health care system in many significant ways. The review concepts related to the medical necessity are applied by the organisation is for validating the required medical services and if the duration of the services that is requested is within the defined range and the requirement of the services is to be appropriate in the situation (Spielthenner, 2015). ICHOM covers all the surgical and health care services with an eye of improving certain functions in the situations of the future. Reviewing the concepts such as the admission review, preadmission, discharge planning and the high cost management goal is to guarantee that the patients are receiving the most favourable care, but certain inpatient actions are cautiously managed to supply enhanced outcomes while at the same time managing resources. Cautious analysis of patient care consent to the expansion of upgrading plans to optimize conclusion for prospect patients. Developing standards: ICHOM has recognized a certain set of standards for the thirteen different conditions which covers around 35% of the disease burden globally. ICHOM is presently working with the health systems and innovative providers worldwide for supporting the adoption of such standard sets (Kelley, 2015). ICHOM is establishing such healthcare organizations to facilitate and measure Patient-Reported Outcome, and improve, demonstrate better outcomes, earn respect, attract patients and turn out to be leaders amongst their peers (Kelley, 2015). Delphi techniques were used to define, track and measures the outcomes of the patients and improving the outcomes related to the patient care (Snozek, Kaleta Hernandez, 2014). The developing standards encompass the certain range of the outcomes that related to the morbidity, mortality and the health status of the patients that is the functional status, symptoms, and quality of life relate to health (Kelley, 2015). The organisation is developing standards with the reduction in the cost of the health care if the treatment decision that is made by the physician is based on the outcomes than patients are probable to receive elevated quality care (Snozek, Kaleta Hernandez, 2014). This lessens the costs related to the health care with the prevention of the unnecessary treatments and medical errors and is financially improved for payers. It makes sure payers merely pay for services which achieve results so money is not spent on the avoidable costs. Standard sets focus on achieving the health status and then the process of recovery and finally health sustainability (Kelley, 2015). Key performance Indicators: KPIs suitably explain compound organisational goals; the central goal of the health care is helping the patients: cure their illness, alleviate their distress, and help in managing the health over time (Ng Harrison, 2010). Performing this in an efficient and effective way one needs the outcomes data. KPIs such as readmission rates; mortality; infection rates; falls; supporting the decision making as an ethical imperative for the health care professionals for measuring the outcomes and comparing the results (Ng Harrison, 2010). A partnership approach to the patient and the health care professionals is done for treating the critical conditions. Yes, they are the accreditation bodies as it is clinical led and measure the outcomes which matter to the patients at the most. ICHOM globally works under certain standard sets that are international and enables to benchmark the outcomes. (Ng Harrison, 2010). The focus of the Key Performance indicators is to deliver the best health care to th e patients. Conclusion: The organization believes in the standardized approach globally as a result of a reduction in the costs of health care, worldwide collaboration, accommodating globally. The standards of the organizations with reducing the cost of the health care and top completely focus on the care of the patients. Utilization management in the health care transforms the health care standards and thus provides the best health care services globally. References Dahlberg, L. (2016). ICHOM Standard Set for monitoring knee and hip osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis And Cartilage,24, S436-S437. ICHOM, (2018). How we work | ICHOM International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement. (2018).Ichom.org. Retrieved 6 April 2018, from https://www.ichom.org/how-we-work/ Kelley, T. (2015). International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM).Trials,16(S3), 4-5. Klein, V. (2015). Delivering safe and trusted healthcare-Patient-centered and value-based.Journal Of Healthcare Risk Management,35(2), 7-7. Ng, J., Harrison, J. (2010). Key performance indicators for clinical pharmacy services in New Zealand public hospitals: stakeholder perspectives.Journal Of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research,1(2), 75-84. Snozek, C., Kaleta, E., Hernandez, J. (2014). Management structure: Establishing a laboratory utilization program and tools for utilization management.Clinica Chimica Acta,427, 118-122. Spielthenner, G. (2015). The Principle-Based Method of Practical Ethics.Health Care Analysis,25(3), 275-289.